Use of letters   and    is little bit confusing. Generally we use    at the end of the words which helps in the formation of meaningful sentences like  (Bithanha,To make Sit) ,  (Kamaunha,To earn) etc.

But if the letter from the end of meaningful word is    and    or    then rather than using    we use    e.g.  (Darna,Fear) , (Sunhna,Hear) In case of nouns we mostly used the letters    not    as for example      (Khana,Box) (Jaan,Life) etc.

To write the words in negative form we should use   instead of    (Anjaan,Unknown)   not      and  (Anchaha,Unwanted)   not  

If we don’t use   ‘ ’ and  ‘ ’ in their pure forms then the words  which use these letters differs in meaning.
Examples :

 (Roganh,Sick(female),  (Rogan,Paint)

 (Danha,Grain)   (Dana,Scholar or Full of knowledge)  

Difference in the making of words with the use of   when   appears as a second letter in word, there exist a little bit difference in the pronunciations of the letters which is placed before it. If the first letter belongs to     then at the time of writing  and speaking the word we generally use   so the first letter belongs to   instead   in the result.
Examples : 

 (Mohra)  (Muhra,Playboard Items like Bishop,Knight etc)
  (Shohrat)   (Shuhrat,Fame)

If  first letter uses   then at the time of speaking we use   
Examples :
           (sohra)   (Sahura,Father in law)
and     (Bohat)    (Bahut,Very or lots of)

If the first letter use then at the time of pronunciation we use   But at the time of writing we use  .
Examples :
   (Mehar):   (Mihar,Kindness)
  (Sehra) and  (Sihra,Wedding Turban)

If the first letter uses    then at the time of writing we use   with   but pronunciation of word will remain same.
Examples :
‘ (Naihar):  (Nahir,Canal)
 (Lehar) :  (Lahir,Wave)

Some times we use    invisibly in some words specially on the foot of letters  like  , , , , ,  etc. Examples :
.   (sun,was), (Tarah,Like) ,  (Jagah,Place)

Similarly by using ‘ ’ in place of   we can make the difference in the meaning of word.
Examples :
.  (Sangna,To feel Shy): (Sanghnha,Thick)

Also with the replacement of and  letters, word meaning becomes different.
Examples :
 (Vaddi,Big (used in feminine)  (Vaddhi,Bribe)
 (Aadda,Widthwise)  (Aadha,Fighting)

Similarly by wrongly using the letters ‘ ’ and ‘ ’ word meaning changes.
Examples :
 (Poonji,Property)   (Poonjhi,Rub)

When we replace the letters ‘ ’ and ‘ ’ difference in the meaning of words will appear.
Examples :
 (Gand,Dust) : (Gandh,Smell)
and
  (Udaar,Kind Hearted): (Udhaar,On Credit)

Similarly by replacing the letters ‘ ’with  ‘ ’ difference in the meaning of words arises  (Sub,Branch) (Sabh,All).So from the above rules it is clear that we should take care of letters like  , , ,  and   when they appear specially at the beginning of the word like  (Gharha,Pitcher or a bowl) and  (Bhanda,Utensil)

Use of  ‘’ and

Since punjabi language use in punjab changes after every 10 Kilometers so due to difference in geographical regions  some people use ‘’ instead of ‘’ like

(Batta),(beer)(Halba) are wrong

(Vatta,In exchange/Stone), (Veer,Courageous),(Halwa,Sweet) are right.

Due to same reasons the use of ‘’ and ‘’ are effected equally. We should take care of such cases as in examples given below

(Teemin) is wrong. And (Teevin,Lady) is right.

 (Satma)   is wrong. And (Satvan,Seventh)   is right.

Use of Sometimes due to the effect of Hindi and Sanskrit we generally misuse the letter   when ‘’ appears at the last position in a word it generally lead as ‘’

Like (Surya):(Suraj,Sun (the star))

,(Karya) :(Karaj,Work)

Words which basically comes from Sanskrit language in Punjabi lost the existence of at last position e.g.

(Bhaag,Fate): (Bhagya)

(Mukh,Main/Head) :(Mukhya)

Sometimes we use Matrs instead of e.g.  

(Samay):(Saman,Time)
(Vishya) :(Visha,Subject)

According to Sanskrit some time ‘’ letter changes intoi.e. and  i.e.

 (Hoya) : (Hoea,Happened)

 (Kyon) : (Kiyon,Why)

The words which comes into Punjabi language from English and Sanskrit like letter is placed at the foot of the letter so that the word can be pronounced more clearly e.g.  

(Shri Maan,Sir)(Amrit,),(Principal,Principal)

But sometimes letter on the foot creates a problem and ultimately we use a letter as such e.g. (Srkar) is wrong and (Sarkar,Government)  is right

Use of and is very confusing but there is lot of difference in these two letters e.g.  
* We take our dinner together.

*Aman said that I am ready.

Most importantly it also makes a difference  when we use along with word or we combine it with others words separately e.g.

(Karke,Because of / Due to) :(Kar ke, After completion)

(Firke,Related to religion) : (Fir Ke, After roaming)

,, letters never come in combination with noun and pronouns but with objectives and verbs e.g.  

*This is Mohan's Book.

*Laughing Children are always active.

Five letters  ,,,, join the Punjabi language from Arabic when we use these letters in the words the pronunciation and meaning of the word changes e.g.  

(Saza,Punishment) :(Saja,Decorate)

(Shak,Doubt):(Sak,able/ability)

Use of and ’

To correctly express the letter we should strictly take care of it otherwise these letters make difference in meaning of words.  

(Dalh,Team):(Dal,Grind)

(Halh,Solve):(Hal,Plough)

Use of, and

‘’ and ‘’ mostly used in the words where there nasal sound produced by the usage of half letter e.g.

(Mahant,Honourable person like Father in Church), (Chanda,Moon) are right and (Mahanat) ,(Chanada) are wrong.

As we know that we can use 12 different types of Matras with letters and with different matra we can use ‘’ and ‘’ which do not makes any difference in the meaning

To express the words with double sound we preferably use  ‘’ instead of ‘ e.g. We should not use (kamh), (sanh) instead of  (Kum,Work),(sun,Was)

It will make much difference in word’s meaning when we use  and in words e.g.

(Sand,Tool),(Sadh,Call)

(Kant,Husband), (Katt,To make thread from the cotton using wheel like Gandhi ji)

(Saang,Imitate) :(Saag,Vegetables)

If ‘’ is used along with long tuning Matra’ like ’ then the pronunciation of these letters is much effected by English e.g.

(chaik,Cheque),(Guess,Guess),(Head Master,Head Master)

which is used with verbs does not appear in the word derived from it like

(Dikh,See) : (Dikhana,To show) etc 

If we use in words it makes a difference in meaning of words where we don’t use it . e.g.  

(Kulli,Slum), (Coolie,Portar)

(Saddi,Called), (Sadee,Century)

So it is clear from the above rules that to clearly write in pure form of Punjabi we must be aware of these rules which has been stated above.